NCERT Questions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 3 – Reproductive Health

Important Questions with Solutions of Class 12 Biology Chapter 3 – Reproductive Health

1) Explain the representation of GIFT!

Ans – GIFT stands for Gamete Intrafallopian transferrin in which the fallopian tube of a woman aiming to be a mother through the laparoscope is introduced to the two unfertilized oocytes and severe sperms. The eggs and the sperm can be either their own or of the donor. The whole procedure of fertilization can hold inside the lab called in-vivo whereas the development of the fetus completely is a natural process.

2) State two natural barriers to birth control.

Ans – The two natural barriers to birth control are:

1. Periodic abstinence: The couple should avoid sexual intercourse during this process from the 10th to the 17th day of the menstrual cycle.
2. Coitus interruptus: This process implicates the withdrawal of the penis before the ejaculation.

3) Explain Lactational Amenorrhea being a method of contraception along with its effectiveness in consideration of the time.

Ans – a. The period of intense lactation with parturition is known as Lactational Amenorrhea. In this the process of ovulation and menstrual cycle does not happen, resulting in zero chances of conception as the mother breastfeeds.

b. Along with parturition, six months is the maximum effectiveness of this process considering the period.

4) Difference between non-medicated IUDs and hormone-releasing IUDs. Give examples.

Ans. Differences between non-medicated IUDs and hormone-releasing IUDs are:

Non-medicated IUDs	Hormone releasing IUDs
The process of sperm phagocytosis is heightened within the uterus resulting in the release of copper ions, which eventually decreases the capacity of sperm movement along with its fertility.	The uterus becomes unsuited for the process of implantation, making the cervix too unsuited and hostile for sperm.
Eg: Copper releasing IUDs (CuT, Multiload 375), Lippes loop.	Eg: Progestasert, LNG-20.

5) “Eliminating Gonads cannot be a recommended choice”. Give reason.

Ans – The removal of gonads surgically results in infertility which further results in dependency on hormones to regulate the functioning of the reproductive organs in both males and females. Thus, “Eliminating Gonads won’t be a contraceptive choice”.

6) Elaborate the concept of test-tube babies and their difference from normal babies.

Ans – Babies produced in a culture tube inside the lab by conceiving eggs and sperm (in-vitro fertilization) and completing the later development in the uterus of the female are test-tube babies. They are the same as normal babies in all other aspects except the process of fertilization where the formation of zygote happens in in-vitro conditions.

7) What are the precautions to be undertaken as protection from STDs?

Ans. The precautions to be undertaken as protection from STDs are:

1. The blood transfused should be checked properly for any infection as it could pass too.
2. Coitus should be limited to persons whose medical history is known to you.
3. Usage of condoms is mandatory.
4. Usage of the same medical or surgical instruments is highly prohibited.

8) Distinguish between the natality rate and mortality rate.

Ans – The differences between the natality rate & mortality rate are:

Natality rate (Birth rate)	Mortality rate (Death rate)
The observation is based on the birth rate yearly with the number of births per one thousand individuals.	The observation is based on the death rate per year with the number of deaths per one thousand individuals
Along with the reproduction process follows the brewing members of the population.	Death results in a decreased number of individuals.
Results in an increased population size along with density.	Results in a decreased population size along with density.

9) Demonstrate any one method of birth control, naturally.

Ans – The periodic abstinence or rhythm method is one of the renowned birth control methods. In this, the couple should avoid sexual intercourse from the 10th to the 17th day of the menstrual cycle as during this time ovulation occurs as the fertility hormones are at their peak. This is followed by the idea of the life span of a sperm being 3 days and ovum for 1-2 days. Though due to irregular menstruation, this process loses its significance.

10) Distinguish between tubectomy and vasectomy.

Ans – The differences between tubectomy and vasectomy are:

Tubectomy	Vasectomy
1. This implies sterilization in women.	1. This implies sterilization in men.
2. This procedure includes the two oviducts of the female reproductive system undergoing cuts and getting tied up.	2. This procedure includes the two vasa differentia of the male reproductive system undergoing cuts and getting tied up.
3. The movement of the egg or ova in the female reproductive tract is prevented.	3. The sperms are prevented from passing or moving towards the female reproductive tract.

Why is Reproductive Health Education Important?

Reproductive health education empowers people to make independent decisions in matters concerning their sexual health. It will inform them about the process of growing up, contraception, and sexually transmitted infections in such a manner so that knowledge and abilities for the protection of reproductive health are developed among students.

The student in Class 12 Biology Chapter 3 will be exposed to the key constituents of reproductive health and how one can make appropriate decisions for one’s sexual well-being. It helps in pointing out the significance of family planning, prevention of STIs, and safe sexual behavior to enable an individual to live a fuller life by taking charge of his or her reproductive life.